Rapid Urbanization: A Double-Edged Sword For Environment

Joshua J Stephen

Islamabad: The rapid urbanisation of Islamabad has led to a significant increase in traffic, construction activities and industrialisation which have contributed to environmental degradation. The increased population has strained water resources and led to deforestation, further exacerbating the problem, said Azan Khalid, a resident of I8-4.

Abasyn University Islamabad Campus Lecturer Azan Khalid voiced his concerns regarding the city’s rapid urbanisation, stating that Islamabad must prioritise sustainable urban planning, renewable energy and environmental regulations while also promoting sustainable consumption and green infrastructure to address these challenges.

The capital city of Islamabad, known for its serene landscapes and moderate climate, is witnessing a noticeable shift in weather patterns. This change, attributed largely to global climate change, is beginning to affect the everyday lives of its residents in significant ways.

According to the Pakistan Meteorological Department (Met Office) data, Islamabad has experienced a significant increase in average temperatures over the past decade. The annual mean temperature has risen by 0.8°C, with the most pronounced changes observed during the summer months. The number of heatwave days has doubled, and temperatures have frequently surpassed 40°C, conditions that were once rare in the city.

Winters are becoming shorter and less intense instead. The Met Office reports a 20 per cent decrease in the number of days with temperatures below 5°C. The changing winter pattern has disrupted the traditional rhythm of life, affecting everything from agriculture to energy consumption.

The monsoon season, once a reliable fixture in Islamabad’s climate calendar, has also become increasingly unpredictable. The Met data shows a 15 per cent increase in the variability of monsoon rainfall, with some years experiencing intense, prolonged downpours and others suffering from extended dry spells. This unpredictability has made it challenging for the city’s infrastructure to cope, leading to frequent urban flooding and waterlogging in several areas.

Health at Risk

The changing weather has also brought about a surge in health-related issues. The Met Office has noted a 25 per cent increase in the frequency of heatwaves in the region which has led to an upsurge in cases of heatstroke, dehydration and respiratory problems. The erratic monsoon patterns have also contributed to a rise in vector-borne diseases such as dengue and malaria, particularly during periods of prolonged rain.

Local health experts warn that the city’s healthcare infrastructure, while robust, needs to adapt quickly to these emerging challenges. Public health campaigns are increasingly focussing on educating residents about the risks of extreme weather conditions and the importance of taking preventive measures.

Economic strain

The changing weather patterns have also had economic implications, particularly for agriculture, which is more vulnerable. The Met Office has recorded a shift in planting seasons, with crops often being planted too early or too late, resulting in lower yields. This has led to increased reliance on imported goods and higher prices for fresh produce in the city’s markets, affecting the cost of living for many residents.

The construction industry is also feeling the pinch. The traditional building materials and designs that were once well-suited to Islamabad’s climate are now being reconsidered. Builders are increasingly opting for materials that can withstand higher temperatures and erratic weather patterns, which has driven up construction costs.

Urban Planning and Infrastructure

Urban planners in Islamabad are now faced with the challenge of rethinking the city’s infrastructure to accommodate these new weather realities. The city’s drainage systems, designed decades ago, are often overwhelmed by sudden heavy rains, leading to flooding in various areas. The Met Office data indicates that the frequency of extreme rainfall events has increased by 18 per cent over the past five years, prompting discussions about the need for a comprehensive overhaul of the city’s water management systems.

Similarly, the increased frequency of extreme weather events has highlighted the importance of developing green spaces that can help mitigate the effects of rising temperatures. Tree planting initiatives and the creation of urban forests are being considered as part of a broader strategy to make Islamabad more resilient to climate change.

Daily Life Adjustments

For the average resident, these changes in weather patterns mean making adjustments to their daily routines. School schedules are increasingly being modified to accommodate heatwaves, with earlier start times and extended vacations during the hottest months. Public transport systems are also under pressure, as rising temperatures make commuting more uncomfortable and unpredictable weather patterns cause delays.

Residents are also becoming more conscious of their environmental impact. There is a growing awareness of the need to conserve water, reduce energy consumption, and adopt more sustainable practices in daily life. This shift in mindset is reflected in the increasing popularity of energy-efficient appliances, solar panels, and rainwater harvesting systems in homes across the city.

As Islamabad continues to grapple with the implications of changing weather patterns, it is clear that these shifts are not just a temporary phase but a new reality that requires adaptation at every level.
From urban planning to everyday habits, the city and its residents must embrace these changes and find ways to thrive in the face of an evolving climate. With the data from the Met Office highlighting the urgency of the situation, there is also an opportunity for Islamabad to become a model of resilience and sustainability in the years to come.